Dmesg

Executive Summary Linux boot is a multi-stage handoff: UEFI → Bootloader → Kernel → systemd → Targets → Units. Each stage has failure points. This guide shows the sequence, where failures occur, and how to capture logs. Why understanding boot flow matters: When a Linux server won’t boot, you need to know WHICH stage failed to fix it effectively. A black screen could mean anything from bad hardware to a typo in /etc/fstab. …